Introduction Chemical Oxygen Demand (Chemical Oxygen Demand) test determines the oxygen requirement equivalent of organic matter that is susceptible to oxidation with the help of a strong chemical oxidant. It is an important, rapidly measured parameters as a means of measuring organic strength for streams and polluted water bodies. The test can be related empirically […]
Chemistry & Recent Developments Of Reactive Dyes
Introduction This article describes the immense impact of reactive dyes on the textile industry. Their properties, classification, constitutional characteristics, chemistry, mechanism and recent development in reactive dyes have been described. Reactive dyes are extensively used in textile industry because of their wide variety of color shade high wet fastness, profiles, the simplicity of application, brilliant […]
Fastness Properties Of Fabrics – Types, Measurement & Processing
Definition : The ability of a material or dye to maintain its color without fading or washing away. Color fastness is a term—used in the dyeing of textile materials—that characterizes a material’s color’s resistance to fading or running. The term is usually used in the context of clothes. The first known use of the word colorfast […]
MEASUREMENT OF BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD)
BIOLOGICAL OXYGEN DEMAND (BOD) Biological oxygen demand is the amount of dissolved oxygen needed(i.e. demanded) by aerobic biological organisms to break down organic material present in a given water sample at a certain temperature over a specific time period. Apparatus: Incubator Burette Pipette Conical flask BOD bottles Chemical required: Manganese, sulphate. Sodium azide. Potassium iodide. […]
Measurement Of Fastness To Alkali, Acid Perspiration
Principle Of Measurement Of Fastness To Alkali, Acid Perspiration Specimens of the Textiles in contact with adjacent fabrics are treated with two different solutions of acid and alkali immerse it for 30 minutes and the removed.The materials are uniformly squeezed and placed under a specified load for 4 hrs in between the two acrylic sheets of […]
Measurement Of Washing Fastness
Principle of Testing A sample of textile in the form of fabric is in contact with a piece of specified adjacent fabrics in mechanically agitated in a soap or soap-soda solution, rinsed and dried. The change in colour of the specimen and the staining of the adjacent fabrics are assessed with a gray scales. Sampling: […]
